Common Name(s): Downy Birch, European White Birch
Scientific Name: Betula pubescens
Distribution: Northern Europe, Asia, Iceland, and Greenland
Tree Size: 33-65 ft (10-20 m) tall, 1-2 ft (.3-.6 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 40 lbs/ft3 (640 kg/m3)
Basic Specific Gravity: .48
Hardness: 930 lbf (4,140 N)*
*Estimated hardness based on specific gravity
Bending Strength: 17,760 lbf/in2 (122,490 kPa)
Elasticity: 1,745,000 lbf/in2 (12,030 MPa)
Shrinkage: [...]
Common Name(s): Sweet Birch
Scientific Name: Betula lenta
Distribution: Northeastern North America
Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1.0 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 50 lbs/ft3 (795 kg/m3)
Basic Specific Gravity: .60
Hardness: 1,470 lbf (6,540 N)
Bending Strength: 16,900 lbf/in2 (116,550 kPa)
Elasticity: 2,170,000 lbf/in2 (14,970 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 6.5%, Tangential: 9.0%, Volumetric: 15.6%, T/R Ratio: 1.4
Color/Appearance: Heartwood tends [...]
Common Name(s): Silver Birch
Scientific Name: Betula pendula
Distribution: Europe and southwest Asia
Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 1-2 ft (.3-.6 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 41 lbs/ft3 (660 kg/m3)
Basic Specific Gravity: .50
Hardness: 1,210 lbf (5,360 N)
Bending Strength: 16,570 lbf/in2 (114,290 kPa)
Elasticity: 2,024,000 lbf/in2 (13,960 MPa)
Shrinkage: No data available
Color/Appearance: Heartwood tends to be a light [...]
Common Name(s): River Birch
Scientific Name: Betula nigra
Distribution: Eastern United States
Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1.0 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 40 lbs/ft3 (635 kg/m3)
Basic Specific Gravity: .49
Hardness: 970 lbf (4,320 N)*
*Estimated hardness based on specific gravity
Bending Strength: No data available
Elasticity: No data available
Shrinkage: Radial: 4.7%, Tangential: 9.2%, Volumetric: 13.5%, T/R Ratio: [...]
Common Name(s): Paper Birch
Scientific Name: Betula papyrifera
Distribution: Northern and central North America
Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1.0 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 40 lbs/ft3 (640 kg/m3)
Basic Specific Gravity: .48
Hardness: 910 lbf (4,050 N)
Bending Strength: 12,300 lbf/in2 (84,830 kPa)
Elasticity: 1,590,000 lbf/in2 (10,970 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 6.3%, Tangential: 8.6%, Volumetric: 16.2%, T/R Ratio: [...]
Common Name(s): Gray Birch
Scientific Name: Betula populifolia
Distribution: Northeastern North America
Tree Size: 20-40 ft (6-12 m) tall, 1 ft (.3 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 37 lbs/ft3 (590 kg/m3)
Basic Specific Gravity: .45
Hardness: 760 lbf (3,380 N)
Bending Strength: 9,800 lbf/in2 (67,590 kPa)
Elasticity: 1,150,000 lbf/in2 (7,930 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 5.2%, Tangential: 9.5%, Volumetric: 14.7%, T/R Ratio: 1.8
Color/Appearance: Heartwood tends [...]
Common Name(s): Alder-leaf Birch
Scientific Name: Betula alnoides
Distribution: Burma, India, and Nepal
Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1.0 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 33 lbs/ft3 (530 kg/m3)
Basic Specific Gravity: .41
Hardness: 830 lbf (3,690 N)
Bending Strength: 8,980 lbf/in2 (61,920 kPa)
Elasticity: 1,235,000 lbf/in2 (8,520 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 5.0%, Tangential: 7.0%, Volumetric: 13.0%, T/R Ratio: 1.4
Color/Appearance: Heartwood [...]
Common Name(s): Alaska Paper Birch
Scientific Name: Betula neoalaskana
Distribution: Alaska and northern Canada
Tree Size: 50-65 ft (15-20 m) tall, 1-2 ft (.3-.6 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 41 lbs/ft3 (660 kg/m3)
Basic Specific Gravity: .49
Hardness: 830 lbf (3,690 N)
Bending Strength: 13,600 lbf/in2 (93,790 kPa)
Elasticity: 1,900,000 lbf/in2 (13,100 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 6.5%, Tangential: 9.9%, Volumetric: 16.7%, T/R Ratio: [...]
Common Name(s): Yellow Birch
Scientific Name: Betula alleghaniensis
Distribution: Northeastern North America
Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1.0 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 46 lbs/ft3 (740 kg/m3)
Basic Specific Gravity: .55
Hardness: 1,260 lbf (5,610 N)
Bending Strength: 16,600 lbf/in2 (114,480 kPa)
Elasticity: 2,010,000 lbf/in2 (13,860 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 7.3%, Tangential: 9.5%, Volumetric: 16.8%, T/R Ratio: 1.3
Color/Appearance: Heartwood [...]
Common Name(s): Queensland Walnut, Orientalwood
Scientific Name: Endiandra palmerstonii
Distribution: Northern Queensland (Australia)
Tree Size: 120-140 ft (37-43 m) tall, 4-6 ft (1.2- 1.8 m) trunk diameter
Average Dried Weight: 43 lbs/ft3 (685 kg/m3)
Basic Specific Gravity: .53
Hardness: 1,670 lbf (7,380 N)
Bending Strength: 14,570 lbf/in2 (100,460 kPa)
Elasticity: 1,656,000 lbf/in2 ( 11,420 MPa)
Shrinkage: Radial: 4.5%, Tangential: 8.6%, Volumetric: 13.1%, T/R [...]
